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| region = Western philosophy | school_tradition = | main_interests = | notable_ideas = | influences = | influenced = }} Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American philosopher and gender theorist whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics and the fields of feminist, queer and literary theory. Since 1993, she has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, where she is now Maxine Elliot Professor in the Department of Comparative Literature and the Program of Critical Theory. She is also the Hannah Arendt Chair at the European Graduate School.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.egs.edu/faculty/judith-butler/biography/ )〕 Academically, Butler is most well known for her books ''Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity'' and ''Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex'', which challenge notions of gender and develop her theory of gender performativity. This theory now plays a major role in feminist and queer scholarship. Her works are often implemented in film studies courses emphasizing gender studies and the performativity in discourse. She has also actively supported lesbian and gay rights movements and been outspoken on many contemporary political issues. In particular, she is a vocal critic of Israeli politics and its effect on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, emphasizing that Israel does not and should not be taken to represent all Jews or Jewish opinion. ==Early life and education== Judith Butler was born in Cleveland, Ohio,〔 to a family of Hungarian and Russian Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust. As a child and teenager, she attended both Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics, where she received her "first training in philosophy." Butler stated in a 2010 interview with ''Haaretz'' that she began the ethics classes at the age of 14 and that they were created as a form of punishment by her Hebrew school's Rabbi because she was "too talkative in class."〔 Butler also stated that she was "thrilled" by the idea of these tutorials, and when asked what she wanted to study in these special sessions, she responded with three questions preoccupying her at the time: "Why was Spinoza excommunicated from the synagogue? Could German Idealism be held accountable for Nazism? And how was one to understand existential theology, including the work of Martin Buber?"〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf4px4KyqbY )〕 Butler attended Bennington College and then Yale University〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.egs.edu/faculty/judith-butler/biography/ )〕 where she studied philosophy, receiving her B.A. in 1978 and her Ph.D. in 1984. She taught at Wesleyan University, George Washington University, and Johns Hopkins University before joining University of California, Berkeley, in 1993.〔 In 2002 she held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam.〔http://www.uva.nl/en/disciplines/philosophy/home/components-centrecolumn/the-spinoza-chair.html〕 In addition, she joined the department of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University as Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Visiting Professor of the Humanities in the spring semesters of 2012, 2013 and 2014 with the option of remaining as full-time faculty.〔http://columbialion.com/blog/two-hours-in-the-shadow-of-judith-butler/〕〔http://socialdifference.columbia.edu/people/judith-butler〕 Butler currently lives in Berkeley, California, with her partner, the political scientist Wendy Brown, and their adopted son.〔http://www.egs.edu/faculty/judith-butler/articles/the-desire-for-philosophy〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judith Butler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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